India’s Contribution to Greenhouse Gas Emission from Freshwater Ecosystems: A Comprehensive Review
نویسندگان
چکیده
In the modern era, due to urbanization, industrialization, and anthropogenic activities in catchment, greenhouse gas (GHG; CO2, CH4, N2O) emissions from freshwater ecosystems received scientific attention because of global warming future climate impacts. A developing country such as India contributes a huge share (4% global) GHGs its (e.g., rivers, lakes, reservoirs) atmosphere. This is first comprehensive review dealing with GHG Indian bodies. Literature reveals that majority emitted inland water, 19% CH4 flux 56% CO2 flux. large part India’s gross domestic product (GDP) manipulated by rivers. As matter fact, 117.8 Tg year?1 released major riverine waters. The potential hydropower reservoirs varies between 11–52.9% (mainly CO2) spatio-temporal variability emissions. significant contribution was also reported urban wetlands, other Being subtropical country, one hotspots, having highest ratio (GHG: GDP) 1301.79. However, portion has not been considered yet, there need account for precise regional carbon budgets. Therefore, this review, bodies, drivers behind pH, mean depth, dissolved oxygen, nutrients), long-term climatic risks are thoroughly reviewed. Besides research gaps, directions mitigation measures being suggested provide useful insight into dynamics (sink/source) control
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Water
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['2073-4441']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/w14192965